Data sources for the macro-modeling of climate change impacts and policies

• Both data sources for bespoke modeling and existing estimated risk profiles for certain types of events are available.
• Data provided via the Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP) is spatially explicit and can be downloaded in gridded format. Its granularity means Ministries of Finance can use it to tailor financial policies and allocate resources more effectively, such that interventions target the areas most vulnerable to climate change. An example use case is using the data to evaluate how risk factors in medium- and high-emission futures may impact agricultural productivity, and by extension farmer livelihoods, food security, and associated ripple effects.
• Nationally gathered statistics can help ensure country-specific factors are appropriately studied when considering policy questions. However, international datasets, where an effort has been made to impose some degree of cross-country consistency in the data, may be useful for cross-country comparisons.

Gaps of various kinds are still prevalent in the available sources of climate data. These include the limited availability of data that is granular and local, real-time, and high-resolution, or long-term and historical, particularly in developing country contexts. There is also a scarcity of data sources that capture sector-specific emissions, climate-related financial flows and investment, or non-greenhouse-gas pollutants such as particulate matter and ozone-depleting substances, or sources that integrate economy and climate. Moreover, data accessibility and useability could be improved, to, e.g., expand stakeholder access.